My Life is Speaking, What is it Saying About Me?

Technical Communications (works from com 340)

2011-12-12T19:17:00.000-06:00

In its simplest form, technical communication is the “user manual” for an assortment of media related avenues. Technical communication helps the everyday person understand, navigate and trouble shoot technical domains. Persons that specialize in researching and creating information about technical processes work as a “cheat sheet “for the general public. Technical communication gives the average person the opportunity to incorporate technology, electronics, computers and highly technical equipment into our daily lives without needing an expert by our side every minute of the day. Technical communication is the help desk we have all learned to depend on without a second thought. Technical communication is evident in every aspect of our lives from our cellular devices all the way down to the oven and coffee pot.

Technical writing is a form of technical communication. These are the persons that serve the public consumer by putting into writing all the information that is needed to comprehend and utilize different types of media. Technical writers have the daunting task of explaining technology, computer hardware and software to those that are technically savvy and may need to maneuver lifesaving machinery in an operating room. Technical writers must also explain technology and related ideas to nontechnical audiences. This could mean telling a consumer how to operate a television remote control, how to turn activate the flash on a camera or maybe even the different speeds on an electric toothbrush. No matter how big or small, the job of a technical writer has become indispensible to our technologically engrossed society. According to Lannon, (2008) “to interact with technology in so many ways, we all rely on usable technical information” (p.1).

Technical communication puts the power of operation back into the hands of the consumer. This form of communication takes the art of customer service to an entirely new level. Consumers are mobile, busy and need their technologies to function properly and at its full capacity at all times. Technical communication has become virtually omnipresent and can be the difference between a meeting running smoothly or losing a million dollar deal! Technical communication is customer centered and people focused. Its job is to be clear, concise, thorough and simple enough that the majority of users are able to “help themselves” in most situations. Technical communication has eliminated the need for large numbers of IT employees. If people are able to fix their own problems, the call volume for help is dramatically reduced thus saving a company a lot of money in salaries for the help desk. With technical communication anyone and everyone can be an expert. It’s a form of educating the public. Technical communications is also used in other forms of media such as, internet, video, and audio channels.

Lannon, L.M. (2008) Technical Communication, 11th. Ed. NY: Pearson

Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Nonverbal Communications

2011-12-10T18:23:00.000-06:00

Nonverbal communication is as significant as verbal communication. When communicating, it is essential that verbal and nonverbal messages are in sync with the overall intent of the message being sent.

The Power of Words

2011-12-10T17:58:00.001-06:00

Words are powerful, whether spoken or written they are a vital part of communication.The Power of words can have a positive or negative impact on a life.

Critiquing Blogs: Peer Reviews

2011-12-05T10:05:00.001-06:00

I had the pleasure of critiquing three wonderfully unique blogs. Below you will find my critique of the three blogs. I am no expert but hopefully I can help.

Blog #1 - www.Poeticjustice46.blogspot.com

I think the author has an awesome start to her blog. Adding more content would help clearly define the purpose. Establishing the purpose will help shape her target audience and attract visitors. The blog accessibility is easy and the page is easy to navigate. The information on the page is not chucked but is laid out nicely. The blog does not overwhelm users with excessive choices. The time and date for the posts are clearly indicated. The author definitely has added personality to her page design. The document is organized top-down and the links are easily navigated. All graphics and images are necessary for the page. The blog is functional. The URL is easy to remember and not too long. Additionally, her blog name is unique. My advices, since it is a professional blog, it is important not forget to add content (works) from other classes. I would also suggest updating the blog regularly.

Blog #2 - http://sandradee-communication.blogspot.com/

I may have mentioned it before but her blog design is the same design I selected. The design does not contain distracting graphics, is easy to navigate and read. The purpose for the blog is clear based on the posted content. The blog URL is simple and easy to remember. The author’s blog name is unique. The text contains short sentences, paragraphs and is easy to scan. The blog has social media links that are relevant to the readers. Headings are bold, and distinguished. I would suggest adding some type of widget to her blog that is in line with the purpose. Additionally, she should continue to add content from her previous communication classes.

Blog #3 - http://antwainwilliams.blogspot.com/2011/11/black-family-dynamics.html (see new blog URL in cites below).

The author’s purpose is clear based on the medium selected, URL, blog name and the first blog post. Nevertheless, adding more content would help clearly define the purpose for all readers. Establishing the purpose will help shape the target audience and attract more visitors. The author posted a great article! The page background conception supports his theme however; it clashes with the post graphics. Blog designs will attract more readers when they are interactive and not too distracting. The URL is good but the length may be too long for people to read. “If a continuing blog has only one writer, that person’s name, title, photograph and a Bio (Biography) link often are featured in the Web page design” (Lannon, 2008, p. 410). Therefore, I recommend adding more information to the blog “about me” biography/profile section. The blog should foster a relationship between blog host and their audience. Some people have a hard time “buying” into a person when they do not know what the individual is about. I would also consider shortening the URL to end after.com. Additionally, since it is a professional blog do not forget to add content (works) from other classes.

Allen, S. (2011). Sandra dee's soulful spill. Retrieved from: http://sandradee-communication.blogspot.com/.

Covington, N. (2011). A place in life. Retrieved from: www.Poeticjustice46.blogspot.com.

Lannon, J. (2008). Technical communication eleventh edition. Pearson Custom Publishing.
New York.

Odden, L. (n.d.). 7 Key Elements to a successful business blog. Retrieved From: http://www.toprankblog.com/2011/02/7-successful-business-blog.

Williams, A. (2011). EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION IS THE KEY TO SUCCESS. Retrived from: http://antwainwilliams7.blogspot.com/.

Standing in the Gap: Arbitration and Mediation (Works from Com 325) - Part 2

2011-12-04T17:20:00.001-06:00

The American Arbitration Association (AAA) provides services to individuals and organizations who wish to resolve conflicts out of court. According to the AAA, services include assisting in the appointment of mediators and arbitrators, setting hearings, and providing users with information on dispute resolution options, including settlement through mediation (AAA, 2007, par. 2). In the career field of public safety, the AAA would be very helpful with employee versus employer disputes or internal affairs. The AAA would help the employee to properly navigate the already established system and the company may avoid losing a possibly beneficial worker. The department of public safety may also contact the AAA to speak with employees that may need to prepare for a deposition. The AAA would help the department effectively answer legal questions and better understand how to testify under oath. This would be for the protection of the company and the employee. “To keep pace, the AAA has for many years tapped its mediation DNA and developed initiatives designed to raise the profile and attractiveness of its mediation services to parties and advocates” (Slate, 2007).

There may be drawbacks to the use of an arbitrator or a mediator. “…some scholars decry it as a thing that undermines the traditionally judge-driven development of the common law. Arbitration's inability to create precedent and its inconsistent results makes some question its legitimacy” (Pickerill, 2007). In other words, the decision of an arbitrator cannot be used as a template for future disputes. Arbitration lacks an appeal process so the two parties are permanently bound to the decision or the arbitrator. Even if future research finds that a person is entitled to more compensation, the case cannot be reopened. Mediation drawbacks are the lack of decision power on the part of the mediator. The mediator can only listen and direct the flow of communication but the total responsibility of conflict resolution is dependant on the communication of the two parties. This can prolong a decision or leave the individuals at a stand-still.

Conflict resolution requires many tools and skills. Mediation and arbitration are just some of the tools used to resolve a conflict. Both use communication skills as a baseline for resolving conflict and require a neutral third party to set these rules in place. Many times organizations and even families use these services as an alternative to court and or litigation. Mediation and arbitration are often times a win-win for all parties. With any intervention there are draw backs that each party would have to consider when choosing to engage in mediation or arbitration. However, most would agree that having a third party to stand in the gap would prove beneficial to conflicting parties.

Abigail, R. (2010). Managing Conflict through Communication, 4th Edition. Allyn & Bacon/Course Smart.

American Arbitration Association. (2007). About Us. Retrieved from: http://www.adr.org/about

Carl N Pickerill. (2007). SPECIALIZED AJUDICATION IN AN ADMINISTRATIVE FORUM: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LAW. The Notre Dame Law Review, 82(4), 1605. Retrieved March 20, 2011, from Criminal Justice Periodicals.

William K Slate II. (2007). Mediation is in Our DNA. Dispute Resolution Journal, 62(2), 1. Retrieved March 20, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global.

Standing in the Gap: Arbitration and Mediation (Works from com 325) - Part 1

2011-12-04T17:16:00.001-06:00

In the course of human interaction and verbal communication, sources of friction or disagreement will come. People view topics in very diverse ways and there are times when they are not able to come to a resolution on their own. When each party is very passionate or personally invested in their own interest, it is difficult to understand the validity of someone else’s point of view. When this takes place it is necessary to implore the knowledge of a third party. Mediation and Arbitration serves as suitable neutral third parties to help resolve personal and business conflicts. The roles of the mediator and arbitrator are clearly defined and are based on the effectiveness of communication.

The role of a mediator is based on the idea that they are fair, and non-biased. A mediator is set as the “go-between” in a situation when a conclusion is not readily feasible. The role of a mediator in conflict resolution is vital to the flow of communication, and allowing equal opportunity for each party to be heard. “Mediation is when a neutral third party facilitates communication between the conflicting parties so that they may work out their own mutually acceptable agreement” (Abigail, 2010, p 195). A mediator can be an equalizer or neutralizer by attempting to extract the main ideas of each argument and present them so that each side can gather a clearer understanding of each other.

An arbitrator is called upon for more serious matters which often times involve an alternative to litigation. They are asked to make a final and binding decision on what should be done and how either party should be compensated in a particular situation. “Arbitration is when a neutral third party considers both sides of a dispute and makes a decision, which is more binding than that of a judge in the legal system if both parties have agreed in advance to abide by the decision” (Abigail, 2010, p. 195). Furthermore, there is no opportunity to appeal the decision of an arbitrator. An arbitrator is well versed in the legal aspects of a situation so that the decision is fair yet remains within the parameters of the law. The arbitrator will save each party a lot of time and costs in legal fees by making a prudent decision without involving lawyers, juries, and judges.

An arbitrator and a mediator both work to bring resolution but on different scales of importance. For example, an arbitrator would be hired by a corporation negotiate the terms of collective bargaining agreements with the union workers of their business. An arbitrator would make sure the workers are well compensated while at the same time the company is able to reasonably benefit from the decision as well. We would also see an arbitrator work with a company that is being sued for a fall in their parking lot or in the isle of a grocery store. With the help of the arbitrator, they can settle out of court, compensating the victim and helping the company avoid paying large legal fees.

A mediator would be used in times of political debates. The mediator would enforce the rules for the debate, ask poignant questions to stimulate the debate and guide disputants to cease discussing some topics and focus on others. A mediator can also be used in family counselor with feuding parents or siblings. The mediator would help each party to “talk without expressing hostility to one another, focus on the future (what the parties will do) rather than the past (what was done) and striving for a win” (Abigail, 2010, p.199).

Abigail, R. (2010). Managing Conflict through Communication, 4th Edition. Allyn & Bacon/Course Smart.

American Arbitration Association. (2007). About Us. Retrieved from: http://www.adr.org/about

Carl N Pickerill. (2007). SPECIALIZED AJUDICATION IN AN ADMINISTRATIVE FORUM: BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LAW. The Notre Dame Law Review, 82(4), 1605. Retrieved March 20, 2011, from Criminal Justice Periodicals.

William K Slate II. (2007). Mediation is in Our DNA. Dispute Resolution Journal, 62(2), 1. Retrieved March 20, 2011, from ABI/INFORM Global.

Personal Constructs (works from Com 321)

2011-12-04T16:59:00.001-06:00

To be authentically self-aware, we must understand how we view ourselves and others. The next level of awareness comes in being conscious of how these views were developed. These views are called personal constructs. According to Trenholm (2010), “Personal constructs are characteristics that we notice on a daily basis about others” (Trenholm, 2010, p. 48). In reviewing my own personal constructs I noticed they reflect my personal values. Values pertaining to unique characteristics, a person’s relationships to others, reputation, and most of all willingness to give to those in times of need, play a major role in my description and perceptions of a person.

My personal constructs of people appear to be stable. I have little concern for physical appearances, outward shows or topical attributes. No matter whom the person is or why I know them, my instinct is to create constructs based on the observations I have made through our interactions. This construct can decrease or limit room for stereotypes but it does not eliminate it. For example, if I meet a person with a bad attitude, poor customer relations and apparently “short” with people, my construct would summarize a rude, self-seeking, insensitive person. However, upon further investigation and with closer interactions I may later find this person was having a bad day, may have been sick, worried about their family or could have encountered a very mean and insensitive customer prior to my arrival, thus my personal constructs were skewed. For this reason I do not judge myself more favorably than others.

I realize others will have personal constructs related to me and no matter how I believe I should be described, they are the final judge. These constructs not only give us ideas about a person but it affects the way we communicate with them. For example, if I have developed a personal construct about one of my employees being laziness, irresponsible and very forgetful, it would affect the way I communicate. My communication will emphasize tasks, reinforce expectations, follow up often, and use a stern tone to evoke the seriousness of my instructions.

I believe that constructs are not always fair and can never summarize the totality of a person. We use personal constructs in order to understand and navigate the world around us. It’s only when we believe that our own constructs are absolute truth with no room for change that we encounter stereotyping, closed minded thinking and biases. We must avoid blindly making assumptions and conjecture without the willingness to grow. We must be open to accepting that character has no race, age, ethnicity, gender, or socio economic status. Our personal constructs should evolve and mature as we do.

Trenholm, S.,(2010). Thinking through communication: An introduction to the study of human communication. (Chapter 3, p.48).

Delivering Bad News Tactfully and Effectively

2011-11-28T23:32:00.002-06:00

“You are a department manager in a mid-sized company that provides technology support services. You have ten employees who are required to maintain a high level of technical expertise and deliver excellent customer service. One of your employees, who has been with the company for two years, is performing at a substandard level and you have received numerous complaints from customers and coworkers. In addition, this employee has displayed confrontational behavior which has created a hostile environment. You must now meet with this employee and deliver an ultimatum regarding the need for immediate improvement or dismissal.”

There is no perfect way to deliver bad news. There are many variables that could cause delivering bad news to go wrong. The key to delivering bad news in any situation is for the deliverer of the news to remain calm and remain respectful.

I would approach the employee and request to meet with them in my office to discuss his/her work performance. I would request the meeting occur prior to the start of the work day to avoid speculation that they are being terminated.

As the employee arrives for the meeting, I would invite them into my office, ask them to have a seat and make themselves comfortable. Afterward, I would ask the employee if he/she would like something to drink. I would give them the choice of water or soda.

When delivering bad news it is good to start the conversation with good news. Therefore, I would proceed in the conversation by providing a positive compliment about the employee. For this employee I would state, they were a positive addition to the organization two years ago and I still believe they are capable of contributing positively to the organization.

In efforts not to “beat around the bush” and “avoid the negative” (Donnelly, 2011, para.4), I would initiate the bad news part of the conversation. I will inform the employee that there has been a recent change in your job performance and behavior that is not good.

I would “be clear and direct” about the employee’s problems (Donnelly, 2011, para.10). The employee would be advised I have received customer and staff feedback concerning them that was not positive. The reports indicated unsatisfactory customer service, poor performance and change in your behavior that is not professional.

I would anticipate the employee would be defensive and ask for proof. The employee may present excuses about what and who may cause his/her performance to change.

Therefore, I would inform the employee, I have reviewed their call logs as well as their assigned work tickets for the last 3 months and the customer service provided was unprofessional and lackluster. There has been a pattern of poor customer service, failing to work well with the team, small confrontations, and incomplete or late projects being completed.

Additionally, I have spoken to at least 5 of your co-workers, who stated that your aggressive behavior and negative comments has created a hostile work environment. Per section 3.4 of the staff handbook employees have the right to work in an environment free from hostility and any employee who contributes to disrupting such freedom will be in violation of the standards of conduct. I need individuals on my team that are committed to exceptional customer service and effective teamwork.

I would also advise the employee their poor performance and aggressive behavior cannot continue and must improve immediately. Failure to improve in these areas will result in dismissal.

I would iterate to the employee that their current behavior is not consistent with their performance evaluation one year prior. I would ask if there is anything they would like to share regarding your recent behavior and performance changes.

Before ending the conversation I would tell the employee I have composed a letter to address the issues we have just discussed. I ask that you sign this document stating that we have had this conversation, terms have been explain and you are aware of the consequences.

Finally, I would end the conversation on a positive note and offer my help to the employee. I would explain to the employee that I believe they are capable of improving their performance. Please let me know if there is anything I can do to help through this process.

Tactics I would use for conflict resolution are remaining calm, effective listening, staying focused on the big picture, explaining why the change is needed and the purpose for the change (Locker, 2002). It is imperative that I refrain from attacking the person and address the issue.

When delivering the bad news, I would avoid using phrases such as,
• You failed to…
• You obviously did not…
• This is your problem…
• This has never happened before…
• I question your…
• You will never…(Wood, 2010, para. 9).

Donnelly, T. (2011). How to deliver bad news to employees. Retrieved from: http://www.inc.com/guides/201101/how-to-deliver-bad-news-to-employees.html.

Locker, Kitty O. (2002). Business and administrative communications. Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill.
Wood, K. (2010). How business writers deliver bad news professionally. Retrieved from: http://kristinwood.suite101.com/how-business-writers-deliver-bad-news-professionally-a228369.

Marketing Cultural Icons: Innovators and Adopters

2011-11-28T21:39:00.001-06:00

Cultural icons whether domestic or foreign are created by an innovator, who understand that icons can transfer their values. The people who establish domestic or global icons are skilled innovators with a keen sense of when a new territory has “ripen.” Innovators will try to win the trust and respect of the consumer, become highly educated concerning the culture, studiers of adaptation potential, familiar with new technology and mass media.

The adopters are individuals who are open to new fresh ideas and who see a need for the new product.

Stereotypes

2011-11-28T21:32:00.001-06:00

There is still work that must be done to properly blend American cultures and values with the subcultures that reside within the American boarders. We must address the ineffectiveness of stereotypes to effectively communicate with all cultures. According to Mr. Wu, “Diversity, like democracy, is a process not an outcome.” This essentially means we must perpetually make every effort to be conscious of culture differences and the value those differences bring to American culture. Appreciation for the value found in ourselves and others can be taught from one generation to the next. Again, this must be a conscious purposeful effort.

Stereotyping in my experience has induced undo fear, uneasiness and tension between cultures. Many times our first experiences of other cultures come through the television. We learn what to expect from people based off of the images portrayed in movies, and television shows. I have been addressed by other races in a very inappropriate manner with slangs like “What’s up bro, homie, dude, etc.” when in fact I am a God fearing, professional man. Stereotypes can unwittingly bring offense in communication.

We must all take responsibility and accountability for improving our understanding and communication between cultures. There must be education, exposure and acceptance so that this can happen. We must move toward desegregation as with Brown versus the Board of Education. We must be willing to open our minds and expand our horizons, allowing our cultures to be experienced by others while at the same time we work toward experiencing the culture of another.

Wu, F. (2006). Affirmative action question requires reframing says Wayne State law dean. Retrieved from:
http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/html/2027.42/62005/wutalk.html

Talking Through the Divide: Intercultural Communications Pt. 2 - Works from Com 360

2011-11-23T11:02:00.001-06:00

The subgroup experiences of his childhood allowed him to have vivid memories today of interconnected families. These ten families stayed in the same locality and shared the common interest until Brandon’s generation reached adulthood and started their own families. Brandon’s also mentioned that the children of this subgroup became closer by getting married. The impression I gather from this environment and culture is comfort. They experienced the comfort of knowing each other, partaking in common interest and sharing of values. The comforts of this culture lead Brandon to never living or desiring to live beyond a 5 mile radius of his childhood home.

In addition to limited distance from his childhood home and current home, Brandon has not travelled much. His experience with cultures outside the U.S. was carved into his memory based on his trip to St. Maarten located in the Caribbean. In his words, “It was very poor and open markets with little focus on security” (R. Lindsey, personal communication, April, 11, 2011). This experience was quite different from the culture he was accustomed to from childhood. His childhood culture resembled a safe place where begging or street selling was not commonly seen. This environment was an example of cultural separation.

Brandon’s understanding of cultures within cultures is mostly shaped by his local church. His local Catholic Parish, Our Lady of Ridge, inhabits diverse cultures. Though the individuals who are a part of this parish are of Catholic faith, Brandon was able to gain insight to their worship differences. Each year the parish hosts various festivals prepared by their Irish, Hispanic, and Italian cultures. Our Lady of Knock is an Irish festival, the Fest of Guadalupe is a Hispanic festival, and Our Lady of Mount Carmel is the Italian festival. Each festival has differences but they share one main focus and that is Mary the mother of Jesus. Though he has been exposed to multiple cultures, Brandon still admits his knowledge concerning other cultures is mostly obtained through media channels.

The role of media in intercultural communication was significant to Brandon. Mass media channels of television, radio, news and print media provided him with information about other cultures that would have otherwise gone unknown. “Television, it is believed, is a common experience of many and therefore provides a shared way of viewing the world” (Jandt, 2010, Chapter 13, Focus on Theory, para. 1). A basic knowledge about other cultures helps to open the lines of communication with those cultures. Brandon recalls during his childhood the media provided him with information updates on significant events such as the Vietnam War, civil rights movement and the Democratic National Convention. The Democratic National Convention held in 1968 according to Brandon, “Gave him a stimulus to form positive opinions” (R. Lindsey, personal communication, April, 11, 2011).

Many cultures experienced the same feelings towards their loved ones at war and there was a universal sense of empathy. Comradeship and patriotism was also promoted through news media. Many cultures, through media awareness, decided to unite together and place American flags in their windows. This was a nonverbal act, stimulated by the media, which joined many cultures within America.

News media allowed Brandon to make a decision that he disliked the Chinese because of the bombing on Pearl Harbor. Within his culture they called this disliked group of people the “gooks.” Brandon believed that during the 1960s, news media was pure, authentic and reporters of fact. They did not attempt to influence you to believe a certain thing. Today he views the media differently. He believes that media attempts to manipulate and persuade people to believe a particular issue. For example he states “The Tribune was a republican prospective and The American (later changed to Chicago Sun times) was a democratic prospective” (R. Lindsey, personal communication, April, 11, 2011). The reader would decide which newspaper they wanted to read based upon their party affiliations. “Because the entertainment and news media are important sources of public storytelling, they figure prominently in the stories we tell each other about who we are and what we value” (Clark, 2004, para.6). Many believe media today reinforces cultural stereo types, which can lead to cultural barriers.

Brandon did not depend on mass media to provide him with an understanding of gender roles. He depended upon his culture to give him the tools he needed to be a successful American male and develop a positive view of females. Not receiving cultural tutelage from mass media does not mean he could not identify with some of the U.S. icons that were on TV. In his words, “My mom was like June Clever” (R. Lindsey, personal communication, April, 11, 2011). June Cleaver was the famous TV mom, who starred on the hit sitcom show Leave it to Beaver. Brandon was able to identify with the suburban subculture that the Beavers called home, as he also grew up in the suburbs of Chicago. “Radio, television, film, and other products of media culture provide materials out of which we forge our very identities” (Kellner, 1995, para.1), Brandon was able to relate to the moral lessons the boys received towards the end of almost every episode. He did not see June as a person his mom was trying to become; his mom was already this icon in his eyes.

U.S. marketing cultural icons such as Coca-Cola, McDonald’s and Disney transcended cultural separation, segregation and created opportunity for assimilation. These icons were used to share their values and American values. Through these shared values many cultures were interconnected. The fastest way to blend people together is through common interest. For example, Brandon grew up in the south suburbs of Chicago and I grew up in Chicago. There are not many experiences that we shared alike. On the other hand, when discussing U.S. icons whether marketing or popular culture, we both identify with them. Cultural icons can enhance intercultural communication.

Breaking through a cultural barrier requires various communications skills and techniques. There is no cookie cutter (pattern) approach to positive intercultural communications, one must be deliberate in their efforts to understand, respect, listen and learn another’s culture. My listening skills have allowed me to empathize and sympathize with others, as well as comprehend in school. I actively strive to gain other’s trust through my ability to listen effectively. Without taking the time to listen, understanding and true meaning cannot take place. I have found that respect and trust are often formed from the ability to listen and thus relate to the person taking the time to communicate with me. By listening to Brandon, I found that the core of his values rest upon a foundation of religion and family beliefs. “Separation may be voluntary and reflect a strong cultural identity” (Jandt, 2010, Chapter 13, para. 3). Though he is willing interact and relate to others cultures, like many, he finds that he is most comfortable functioning within his own cultures and subcultures.

Clark, L. (2004). Media, culture and meaning. Retrieved from: www.colorado.edu/journalism/mcm/.

Jandt, F. (2010). An introduction to intercultural communication: Identities in a global community. Sage Publications, Inc. California.

Kellner, D. (1995). Cultural studies, multiculturalism, a media culture. Retrieved from: www.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/papers/SAGEcs.htm.

Roberts & Vinson, (1998). Listening and Communication Competence. Retrieved from: http://www.listen.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=43&Itemid=7.

Talking Through the Divide: Intercultural Communications Pt. 1 - Works from Com 360

2011-11-23T10:56:00.001-06:00

Communication is not complete until authentic and comprehensive listening has occurred. According to Roberts & Vinson (1998), “An individual’s willingness to listen is positively correlated with communication skills...” Listening is something we take for granted and think we can do mindlessly. Effective listening as it relates to communication is a skill that needs to be developed. The art of listening during an interview can facilitate meaningful and thorough communication channels. Failure to actively listen during an interview can cause a gap or divide in the interviewer’s intentions and the interviewee’s perception of the encounter. Active listening can open the doors to learn more about the culture and subcultures to which your interview subject belongs. Breaking through a cultural barrier requires various communications skills and techniques. There is no cookie cutter (pattern) approach to positive intercultural communications, one must be deliberate in their efforts to understand, respect, listen and learn another’s culture. "…we could never have enough kindness, compassion, understanding, and tolerance" (Meeks, 2011, p. 2).

Interviewing Brandon Lindsey, a colleague for over five years, promoted a freedom of communication which allowed Brandon to feel comfortable in sharing his innermost thoughts about culture and even issues he has encountered in terms of intercultural communications. I chose to interview my colleague because of his in depth interest in his own culture, subcultures as well as the cultures of others. Brandon’s extensive knowledge concerning religion, society, and culture is fascinating. Individuals often make the following statement to him, “You know everything.” This statement is a direct reflection of his thirst for knowledge that seems to never be quenched. I respect his objective view of the world and believe those thoughts are wholesome. Though he adores his rich culture, he appreciates and embraces the cultures of others. Brandon is a man who values communication and understands the importance of it in relationships.

Along with his love of cultural diversity, Brandon is also a part of many subcultures as well. He identifies himself as White, Irish, German, American, and male. These descriptions only summarize his race and gender but this hardly explains the diversity of his background. He is a proud American that was raised in a south suburb of Chicago located in the Midwest. Emily Thomas agrees that America “has among its inhabitants a small subculture of expatriates from the “real world” who came by choice, survived the culture shock and have adopted it as their home (2002, p.1).His family also raised him to be a devout Christian, friend, and family member. He is also an adult college student who has two children currently attending college along with him. While in college he is working full-time within an organization that shares his similar values. My colleague, due to his age, is inadvertently categorized as a member of the “baby boomer” generation. His passion in life is being a Catholic Deacon.

A person’s age, life experience, culture, religion, ethical beliefs, and social norms can all play a part in the way they communicate. It may alter how they present information to people in authority, persons of a certain gender, age group, ethnic background and the like. Levels of education and even language barriers can create shifts in the intended message and what was perceived. In Brandon’s perspective “The word race is the particular origin of your family or nationality. The word culture is what makes you, you. It may be family, heritage, religion, environment or lifestyle. It is also similar to customs” (R. Lindsey, personal communication, April, 11, 2011). His faith plays a big part in his day to day life. He also attributes who he has become and how he communicates with the larger society with how he was taught by his parents, the Catholic school system and even his white suburban neighborhood

Though Brandon grew up on the south side of Chicago in the 1960s, he did not experience a lot of the civil rights movement due to his locality. His mom, a White female, attended Kennedy College, a multi-racial school, and on the day of Martin L. King Jr.’s assassination, she was escorted to her car by a police officer. His other knowledge of the conversations and communication concerning race relations in the United States came from the media. The government was Democratic at that time but even today he still feels the tension, discomfort and fear that surrounded the 1960s. His minimal experience with the societal conditions of race inequality effected his communication with other ethnic groups until his adulthood. He found that he was more sensitive and aware of inequalities or prejudices in the world around him.

In suburban Illinois there was not a lot of mass transportation as it is today. Mass transportation was in the beginning stages at that time and in his community most families owned at least one car. Two cars in one household were very rare. There were some trains and buses, but mainly for cargo or long distance travel. Brandon considers his family blue collar workers also known as the lower middle class. His mother had the privilege of being a stay-at-home mom/wife. In his community and culture two-parent homes were the expectation, the standard and the norm. However today, Brandon can see that single parent homes are more prevalent even in his old community and in his culture. Growing up in a devout catholic household he attended catholic school until he went to college. Today 50% of the children in his associated culture attends public school. During the 1960s he experienced minimal diversity but does recount encounters with Irish, Blacks, Polish and Lithuanian schoolmates. In Brandon’s community everyone was a practicing Catholic and states “In our neighborhood there were two religions: Catholic and Public” which emphasizes the lack of religious diversity at that time (R. Lindsey, personal communication, April, 11, 2011).

Brandon’s earliest vivid childhood memory dates back to kindergarten. His class had a Garfield Goose hand puppet that the kids could play with. He remembers never having an opportunity to play with the puppet because Murray Roomer kept taking it from him. This was a very trying time for Brandon, who was accustomed to being an only child and able to play with toys without the need to share. At that time he experienced an obvious clash between his dominate home culture and school subculture. There were other subcultures that were created in Brandon’s neighborhood that exhibited better behavioral interactions.

According to Brandon a subculture was formed by ten families who were all a part of the same neighborhood. The group was named the Mason Mouse’s, which derived from the popularity of the Disney’s Mickey Mouse Club and their Mouseketeers. The Mason Mouse’s mainly meet during the summer and would team up to build floats together. They would then enter the floats into various parades and all the families would ride the float and sing songs. These songs were usually written by his mom or sampled from Disney’s Mouseketeers. Brandon was very fond of the memories and stated that the Mason Mouse’s “Fostered closeness and friendships” (R. Lindsey, personal communication, April, 11, 2011).

Meeks F. (2011, March 31). Faces in the crowd UH-Clear Lake professor, photographer says he's driven to explore life, world Tak Shing Chan captures moments on film. Houston Chronicle, p. 2. Retrieved April 11, 2011, from ProQuest Newsstand.
Thomas, E. (2002). Life in the Left Lane. 1st books Library, U.S. p.1.

My Circle of Communication Pt. 2 - Works from Com 321

2011-11-23T10:22:00.001-06:00

Effective organizational communication thrives on a few key skills such as, upward, downward and horizontal communication, organizational rites, information etiquette, formal and informal communication channels. Each skill is essential in the success of the group or organization. Collaboratively these skills must work together to grow and enhance the company. If one skill is deficient, it could become detrimental towards the perception of the overall organization.

Knowing the organizational structure helps with communication management. “Organizational charts...specify formal relationships between organizational positions…indicate where, in a hierarchy of responsibility and power, each job is located…and…illustrate preferred communication pathways” (Trenholm, 2010, Chapter 8, p. 204). These communication pathways demonstrate communication that flows downward from upper management, upward from first line individuals and horizontal peer communication. This kind of communication is invaluable to the organization when it is mastered by a person of influence. Maxwell (2005) calls this kind of person within an organization, a 360 degree leader. The person is capable of successfully leading up, down, and across.

Organizational rites such as, Rites of Passage, Rites of Degradation, Rites of Enhancement, Rites of Renewal, Rites of Conflict Reduction and Rites of Integration, help reinforce the organizations values. According to Trenholm (2010), “Rites play an important role in the creation and maintenance of strong organizational cultures.” These rites send messages to the members of an organization that will cause them to either support or resist the mission. For example, the organization in which I work attempted to establish a rite of enhancement and implement a monthly employee recognition program. The program failed to be successful because of the inconsistency between the plan and the implementation. Formal and informal communication must be consistent and in line with the rites in order to achieve positive results.

The degree of organizational communication effectiveness depends on how well formal and informal communication is used within the organization. Formal communication channels such as, meetings, presentations, memorandums, appraisals and web sites could be great pathways to establish the values and culture of the organization. Informal communication such as, company sponsored events (games, outings, picnics), lunch rooms, locker room conversation could be used also to make a positive impact.

However, if formal or informal communication is abused or not use properly it could have a negative effect on the organization through an informal communication called the “grapevine.” The “grapevine” is the conversations that members of the organization have with each other based on rumors and or their perception of what is happening in an organization. Price (2010) states “…misunderstandings could arise from miscommunication between individuals and even groups, impacting relationships and the desire to collaborate.” Though you cannot prevent all misconceptions, the accuracy of an organization could be managed well through the use of proper communication etiquette. Sturdevant (2010) states, “…you can't manage what you can't measure.”

We live in an information age that uses telecommunications and technology as primary ways of communicating. Technology such as, cellular phones, internet, social networks, computers, emails, video messages, fax and machines, has formed a global village for us. The global village shortened the distance of those who physically live far apart and has given us great benefits. Those in war can video call home and see the birth of a new born child or to simply check in to say, “I am o.k.” The global village is not without understood parameters that streamline communication and create a positive experience for each participant.

That is why etiquette for the information is important. The appropriate use of Cellular phones, voicemail messaging, conference calls, text messaging, speaker phone, and faxes, are necessary. Knowing what kind of voicemail message to leave, how long it should be and the right time leave is critical. For example, if a soldier is majorly injured or even killed at war, this would not be a good time to text or leave a voicemail message. The global village and all the tools that connect us must be used wisely and carefully to make the flow of communication effective.

This course has provided better tools for use in my professional career, I am more aware of my form of communication whether while supervising individuals or while in group settings. Patience is used to increase my listening skills, which allow for me to be an effective harmonizer in group settings. I force myself to stop what I am doing and pay attention when someone enters the office. I am acutely aware when someone is not participating in a group discussion or silent on a conference call. Understanding others strengths and weaknesses regarding communication allow me to be more relational towards others.

Communication principles that make a complete circle of effectiveness can be used in personal, professional, group and individual situations. Being an effective communicator enhances the productivity of any job, meeting, team sport and even relationships. It acts as a liaison that creates continuity of information across the spectrum. These skills also have an effect on the perception and types of feedback. Effective communication is appreciated by loved one’s co-workers, consumers, subordinates, and superiors. It allows me to communicate effectively with the global world at large as well as upward, downward and horizontally within any organization.

Sturdevant, C. (2010, September). Water Cooler Chatter. eWeek, 27(16), 41. Retrieved October 17, 2010, from Research Library. (Document ID: 2149717731).

Trenholm, S., (2010). Thinking through communication: An introduction to the study of human communication. (Chapters 1, 2 6, 8, 9).

My Circle of Communication Pt. 1 - Works from Com 321

2011-11-23T10:21:00.001-06:00

When taking an educational journey, it is imperative that we find ourselves in the literature. It increases understanding, encourages application and inspires growth in the future. Such has been this journey through the study of communication. I have come to know that communication serves as a teacher, a mediator, a liaison, a clarifier and the glue that holds relationships together. Communication principles that make a complete circle of effectiveness can be used in personal, professional, group and individual situations.

Communication is not complete until authentic and comprehensive listening has occurred. According to Roberts & Vinson (1998), “An individual’s willingness to listen is positively correlated with communication skills and negatively related to receiver apprehension and sender based communication apprehension.” Listening is something we take for granted and can do mindlessly. However, effective listening as it relates to the communication is a skill that needs to be developed.

A person’s age, life experience, culture, religion, ethical beliefs, and social norms can all play a part in the way they communicate. It may alter how they present information to people in authority, persons of a certain gender, age group, ethnic background and the like. Levels of education and even language barriers can create shifts in the intended message and what was perceived.

My listening skills have allowed me to empathize and sympathize with others, as well as comprehend in school. I actively strive to gain other’s trust through my ability to listen effectively. Without taking the time to listen, understanding and true meaning cannot take place. I have found that respect and trust are often formed from the ability to listen and thus relate to the person taking the time to communicate with me.

Though I am in positions in which I must communicate with people often, I still struggle with self confidence especially in new introduction situations. This creates a slight listening barrier. Watson & Smeltzer, (1984) states, some barriers are, “Personal and internal distractions, such as…Rebuttal tendency – developing a counter argument while the speaker is still speaking.” My ability to listen not only calms my nervous nature but it also allows a person to feel comfortable with me.

While interacting with strangers, I generally share or discuss information that is public knowledge (i.e. sports or news). Listening and observing is what I do mostly during our interactions. As Trenholm (2010) states, “Nonverbal interaction is the unspoken, often unintentional behavior that accompanies verbal communication and helps us fully interpret its meaning.” Even if I have a strong opinion about a matter I rarely share my full outlook. Instead, I allow others to control the conversation. However, I politely share insignificant information on cue. The psychological perspective is very insightful about what goes on in the human mind while we are processing information to receive or deliver a message: communication.

I would rank my overall interpersonal communication skills 8 out of 10, with 10 being my highest level of efficiency. I am capable of interacting with friends, family, co-workers and strangers of diverse backgrounds effectively. Most people I meet would state that I am wise, compassionate, unselfish, honest, patient and fair. These personal constructs related to me are created through perceptions stemming from my verbal and nonverbal communication. As recorded by Birdwhistell (1970), “Spoken words only account for 30 -35% of the meaning. The rest is transmitted through nonverbal communication that only can be detected through visual and auditory listening.”

My marriage has proven the best source for practice and perfecting the art of communication. We definitely experience more dialectical tension, such as patterns, finding balance of personal space, and disclosing matters of the heart. Communication is at the center of our relationship as we share intimate information (i.e. fears, likes, dislikes, secrets, beliefs, and values). According to our text, “Close relationships are built on shared information, and we usually expect a high level of self-disclosure (the voluntary revealing of information that would normally be unobtainable) in interpersonal relationships” (Trenholm, 2010, Chapter 6, p. 136).

Sometimes issues were not discussed at the right time or were too sensitive and the communication hurt. However, the Holy Bible States, “better are the words of a friend…” Communication with love would make your relationship better and stronger. Communication, flexibility and compromise are the methods we use to enhance our relationship. Certainly, the end justifies the means. I refuse to have my happiness limited because of dialectical tensions.

I find allowing too much complacency into a relationship causes deterioration of communication. Communication is an action that requires growth and change. Anything that fails to change will not grow. If communication does not grow the relationship will not last. Baxter and Rawlins put it best, “Relationships that aren’t open to change may become obsolete” (Trenholm, 2010, Chapter 6, p.137).

Communication is an art and this art comes across differently according to the canvass. It takes a lot of trial and error but we learn from people’s responses and reactions how to communicate with them. We learn from social norms how to communicate with those that are not close to us. We learn from our belief systems what is acceptable and desired in communication. We learn from experience how we like to be communicated with. As mentioned in the text, “Communications is a transmission of ideas, emotions, skills, etc…by use of words, pictures, figures, and graph’s, etc” (Trenholm, 2010, Chapter 2, p. 19).

My ability to be flexible has allowed me to adapt to a rapidly changing environment and still be relevant in current times. Flexibility has allowed me to continue to grow, learn and change along with the department that I have been with for 14 years. Flexibility keeps me motivated to be cooperative and dependable when seasons of change arise. Being flexible has increased my value causing me to be an asset to the department. As previously mentioned, a lot of issues my wife and I experienced were resolved with simple communication discussed at the right timing, and required flexibility.

Birdwistell, (1970). Listening and meaning. Retrieved from: http://www.listen.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=43&Itemid=74.

Maxwell, J.C. (2005). The 360 Leader: Developing Your Influence from Anywhere in the Organization. Nashville, TN. Thomas Nelson, Inc.

Price, J. (2010). Making sense of competing organizational goals: Perspectives of practice that affect coordinated efforts and organizational learning. Ed.D. dissertation, University of California, San Diego, United States -- California. Retrieved October 17, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global.(Publication No. AAT 3259068).

Roberts & Vinson, (1998). Listening and Communication Competence. Retrieved from: http://www.listen.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=43&Itemid=74.

Watson & Smeltzer, (1984). Listening Barriers Retrieved from: http://www.listen.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=94:listening-barriers&catid=43:listening-facts&Itemid=74.

Four Effective Communication Media Technologies

2011-11-21T10:59:00.002-06:00

Television, Radio, Internet and Social Media sites are four media technologies I have identified:

Television is a popular media technology that is used to reach a diverse range of audiences. Television use programming and commercials to address the interest of babies up to the elderly population. This form of media technology is used to advertise, inform and influence its audience. Television has the capabilities of reaching a mass audience. Television is a very effective media technology because the visual impact it has on its viewers. “There are 115.9 million homes in the U.S. with at least one TV… The average American watches 35:34 (hours/minutes) of TV per week” (Unknown, 2010, para. 2 & 3).

Radio is a portable media technology that is convenient and affordable to the consumers and businesses. Radio offers a lower cost advertising option to reach a mass audience. Various radio genres make this form of technology a viable solution for entertainment, news, sports and emergency notifications, etc. Radio audiences range from teens to the elderly. It is known as a reliable option because of the ability to transmit radio signals over large distances, even during inclement weather.

Social Media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, Blogs, have allowed families, friends and businesses to build ongoing relationships via the internet. This form of media technology offers an informal way to communication with a target audience. When business get involved with social media sites, it reduces the apprehensive and makes companies more relatable.The social media sites mostly reach an audience between the ages of 18-35; however, it does extend to the senor population. “Both teen and adult use of social networking sites has risen significantly…” (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith & Zickuhr, 2010, Para. 6) This is a free way to advertise, building a positive reputation with the target audience and to help establish or build a brand.

The 21st century has seen a great deal of progression in the field of technology. The internet is one of the 21st century inventions that have impacted the world greatly. It has caused the global world to become even smaller than the invention of telephones, radio, and television. It allows for social media sites, business web sites, video conferencing, and shopping, etc. Since the creation of the internet, the way we communicate has changed dramatically. Cyber communications are an instant, convenient, portable and low cost benefit to consumers and businesses. We are able to view, communicate and shop outside the country without leaving our home. Web sites can reach a large audience and offer many different benefits.

Lenhart, A., Purcell, K., Smith, A., and Zickuhr, K. (2010). Social media & mobile internet use among teens and young adults. Retrieved from: http://pewresearch.org/pubs/1484/social-media-mobile-internet-use-teens-millennials-fewer-blog.

Unknown. (2010). Snapshot of U.S. television usage: what we watch… and how. Retrieved from: http://blog.nielsen.com/nielsenwire/media_entertainment/snapshot-of-u-s-television-usage-what-we-watch-and-how/.

Just a Few Com. Guidelines

2011-11-15T06:10:00.001-06:00

To select the communication document and channel one must identify the purpose. Knowing why you chose to communicate is imperative to developing the content and selecting the target audience. The purpose of communication is the corner stone to the other pieces that comprise a message. The many purposes of a blog could be to publish information, promote an idea, advertise or solicit feedback. The purpose of my blog is to publish information and solicit feedback, and it is critical that my design and content selection reflects such.

The design layout of technical documents, websites and blogs are as important to achieving effective communication as the content. Selecting the proper design can gain and keep the interest of the target audience. Designs must not be too distracting or underwhelming. If a blog is too busy and complex, people will become disinterested. Blogs must contain a simple and easy way for readers to read and respond to the post. The title of the blog is also a part of the design and helps get the attention of the reader. Readers must become intrigued by your communications within seconds or you will lose their interest. Designs are critical to gaining a readers interest.

Content is derived from the purpose of the communication. For example, if my intent is to communicate safety procedures to bus drivers, then my content would include terminology drivers are accustomed to seeing and information related to safety. Content can be formal or informal. Content should include accurate information. Blog content should also be informative, encourage interactivity, arouse interest of readers and have a smooth flow of content. “Content is King” (Teik, 2011, para. 2).

Knowing your audience shapes your content. “The audience makes a very important difference in writing. We adjust the writing style and content according to the interest of the audience, their technical knowledge, and the amount of detail needed…” (Lannon, 2008, p. 46). The audience determines the communication channel to be used. For a blog the audience can help decide the design and graphics. Furthermore, the audience impacts the overall effectiveness of the communication and its form.

Creating a Blog: My Experience

2011-11-10T20:38:00.000-06:00

My Very Own Blog URL: http://mylifespeaking.blogspot.com

Creating the blog was an invigorating process. Google blog instructions were simple, free and easy to follow. Before being able to create a blog I had to register with Google and create an account. While in the process of registering, I found that I already had a Google account, which made my sign up process easier. I recommend using your primary email address for your Google account notifications and use a secondary email address for your blog account. This will allow streamlining of blog related emails. My primary email account normally receives 100 emails daily from various senders. I prefer to not take the risk of having blog related emails get lost by blending in with my regular email traffic. The key is to regularly check the secondary email account.

After logging in to Google, I was able to input a name for by blog, select a template and decide my URL address. For simplicity, I have chose to use my blog name as the URL address. For my blog layout, I chose a picture frame template design. The significance of the picture frame design is symbolic of the blog being a framework for my communication. After creating my blog, I recorded on a note pad my log- in information for the Google account, the blog URL address, all my associated email addresses, and any other information related to my blog to store in a safe place. Over the next day or so I got familiar with the blog customization options offered in Google. I continued to customize and update my blog site during a 2-day period.

Communication Theory

2011-11-10T20:31:00.001-06:00

Knowing your audience. When a message is developed with the audience in mind, it helps the sender of the message with the format, content and channel selection. “Knowing your listeners helps you to shape your message in a way that's most likely to gain their acceptance” (Unknown, 2004, para. 1).The topic should stem from the purpose of the communication. For example, new student orientation includes presentations to parents and students. I find that students and parents often have different questions related to college thus I tailor my presentation accordingly.

Anticipating objections can be beneficial to effective communication. This process will help the sender to prepare for their prospective audience. This feedback can include questions, objections and counter arguments which are all a part of the communication cycle. Law enforcement agencies are required to conduct daily roll calls to inform staff about critical information. It is my responsibility to be well informed and anticipate questions and concerns during this briefing.

Present a rounded picture. A rounded picture is a sufficient provision of enough information, and details so the audience feels they have an adequate understanding of the topic at hand. I try to avoid providing incomplete information to my staff. Not having a rounded picture or the material could lead to negligence or improper actions.

Achieving credibility with your audience impacts the effectiveness of the message. What is communicated should be reliable and factual and the communicator should be well informed about the topic. Misleading or inaccurate information can adversely affect the reception of the intended message. When addressing the issue of safety with new students, I am sure to use pamphlets, handouts, and websites that are credible and developed by the University.

Follow through on what you say. Follow through involves feedback. As a supervisor, I write goals in performance evaluations for staff. If I promise training it is imperative I follow through on providing the employee with the training or at least communicate why I cannot fulfill this goal. Failing to follow through can damage my credibility and cause future communications to be perceived negatively.

Communicate a little at a time. When communicating, it is important to proportion information appropriately based on the intent, context and audience. As an instructor, it is imperative that I allow students to receive a steady slow dose of material. After presenting information in increments I ask for feedback. This informs me whether information is received according to what I intended and determines how much information to give out at one time.

Present information in several ways. Some individuals learn auditory, visually, interpretive and hands on. Using various types of examples, communication tools, and other resources can help communicators get the message to a diverse group of learners within an audience. As a minster, I use illustrations, metaphors, parables, and supporting materials to ensure every member of the group obtain an accurate understanding of my message.

Trenholm, S. (2010). Thinking through Communication: An Introduction to the Study of Human Communication, 6th Edition. Allyn & Bacon.

Unknown. (2004). Know your audience. Retrieved from: http://totalcommunicator.com/vol2_4/knowaudience.html